Your employer must pay you on your agreed pay day. This means the day of the week and the pay period (for example, fortnightly) that you agreed to when you started work. Your employer can’t change your normal pay day without your agreement.

Wages Protection Act 1983, ss 7-10

Your wages should be paid in money. If you aren’t being paid in cash, both you and your employer have to agree on the method of payment in writing. In practice, this means that the method of payment should be set out in your employment agreement: for example, if you’re being paid by bank transfer or cheque.

Wages Protection Act 1983, ss 5, 5A

Your employer can only dock your pay (“deduct” from your pay):

• if you’ve asked for or agreed to the deduction in writing, as part of your employment agreement or in a separate agreement, or
• if the deduction is court ordered – for example, child support payments or court fines, or
• in some cases when you’ve been overpaid (see below).

You might have a general “deductions clause” in your employment agreement – for example, one allowing your boss to dock your wages if you’ve damaged something at work, like plates if you work in a restaurant. However, they have to talk to you about it before they make any deductions under this clause. The deduction also can’t be unreasonable – for example, they can’t deduct money for loss or damage that was caused by someone else who you had no control over.

If you’ve previously agreed to a deductions clause in writing, and you’ve changed your mind about it, you can write to your employer to update or withdraw this agreement.

Wages Protection Act 1983, s 6

If your employer overpays you by mistake, they can usually recover the overpayment from you by:

• making deductions from your future wages, or
• getting you to pay the money back directly.

If you don’t agree to deductions, your employer can still recover the money, in the same way as other debts. You can try to argue that it would be unfair to require you to pay the overpayment back, because:

• you’ve already spent the money in good faith, and
• you didn’t know that the money was an overpayment, and
• you didn’t contribute to the overpayment being made.

However, this can be hard to prove, and in practice, the Employment Relations Authority (“ERA”) and the Employment Court usually decide that you’ll have to pay it back.

Employment Relations Act ss 81, 82, 87-89

Usually, your employer cannot make deductions from your wages unless you’ve agreed to this in writing. However, there are certain situations where they can deduct from your wages without your agreement if:

• you have been absent from work without your employer’s authority, on strike, locked out (while in bargaining) or suspended from work, and
• an overpayment has been made to you in, and
• it was not reasonably practical for the employer to avoid this.

In these situations, the time you were absent is called a “recoverable period,” because your employer can take back or “recover” the wages paid to you from that time.

Employment Relations Act 2000, ss 4B, 130, 235B, 235E

Your employer has to keep time and wage records relating to your employment for six years. At any time during those six years, you (or someone representing you, like a lawyer, your union delegate or a labour inspector) can ask for these records.

These records should be detailed enough to prove your employer complied with the law regarding your minimum conditions, protections and entitlements. For example:

• your wages were in line with the Minimum Wage Act and the Wages Protection Act, and
• you were given annual leave in compliance with the Holidays Act (see: “Annual leave”).

If your boss won’t give you these records, or they haven’t kept a copy of them for six years, they could be fined $1,000 by a labour inspector, or face penalties from the ERA.